Basic knowledge of CNC machining

CNC machining is a method of controlling machine tools through computer programs for machining. It is widely used in the manufacturing industry and can efficiently produce various parts and products.

What is CNC machining?

CNC machining is a technology that utilizes computer programs to control machine tools for automated processing. It uses pre written programs to guide the machine tool in various machining operations, such as milling, drilling, turning, etc. Compared to traditional manual or experiential operations.

How does CNC machining work?

l Design parts: First, use Computer-aided design (CAD) software to create or import 3D models of parts. This model will serve as a reference for CNC machining.

l Write processing program: use Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software to convert the 3D model of the part into executable G-code. G-code is an instruction language used to control CNC machine tools. It contains information such as machine tool movement, speed, cutting parameters, etc.

l Set the machine tool: transmit the prepared G-code to the control system of the CNC machine tool. Then, according to the requirements of the parts and tools, set the workbench, fixture, tools, and tool compensation of the machine tool.

l Processing preparation: Install suitable tools according to the requirements of the processing program, and confirm the position and compensation value of the tools. Then, install the workpiece on the fixture on the machine tool and fix it properly.

l Processing operation: Start running the CNC machine tool. The control system will start the movement of each axis of the machine tool according to the prepared G-code to control the cutting tool. Each axis of the machine tool moves according to the instructions in the G-code to realize the shape and size of the parts.

l Real time monitoring: During the machining process, the control system of CNC machine tools will monitor and record various parameters of the machining process in real time, such as cutting speed, feed speed, tool position, etc. These data can be used for subsequent analysis and adjustment.

l Inspection and quality control: After processing is completed, the parts need to be inspected to ensure that they meet the required dimensions and shapes. Measurement instruments such as micrometers, projectors, etc. can be used for measurement, or 3D measuring machines can be used for comprehensive 3D inspection of parts.

l Adjustment and optimization: Based on the inspection results, if the parts do not meet the requirements, the tool compensation can be adjusted, the machining program can be modified, or other adjustments can be made to achieve the required accuracy and quality.

Common CNC machining operations

l CNC milling: The use of a milling machine for material cutting and processing. Milling operations can cut various shapes of grooves, grooves, planes, etc. on the workpiece.

l CNC drilling: Use a drilling machine to process holes. The drilling operation can drill holes on the workpiece, including circular holes, oblique holes, and deep holes with different diameters.

l CNC turning: Using a lathe to perform cylindrical machining on a workpiece. Turning operations can process shapes such as outer circles, inner circles, end faces, and threads on the workpiece.

l CNC boring: Use a boring machine to process holes. Boring operations can perform precise machining within the holes of the workpiece to adjust the diameter and surface accuracy of the holes.

l CNC discharge machining: The use of electric discharge machine tools for the processing of metal materials. Electrical discharge machining generates electric sparks between the workpiece and the electrode to remove materials and form the desired shape.

l CNC wire cutting: The use of wire cutting machines for the processing of metal materials. The wire cutting operation involves electrically cutting workpieces to achieve complex shapes such as I-slots, gears, etc.

l NC grinding: use a Bench grinder to grind materials. The grinding operation can perform high-precision grinding on the surface of the workpiece to obtain workpieces with high requirements for flatness, smoothness, and accuracy.

l CNC thread processing: Use a thread processing machine to process threads. Thread processing operations can cut internal or external threads on the workpiece for thread connection with other parts.

Advantages and disadvantages of CNC machining

Advantages of CNC machining:

Automation and efficiency

CNC machining uses computer control and can automatically execute pre written machining programs without the need for manual intervention. This improves production efficiency and reduces the possibility of manual errors.

High precision and repeatability

CNC machine tools can perform machining operations with high precision, ensuring the consistency of the size and shape of the parts. Compared to manual operations, CNC machining has higher positioning accuracy and repeatability.

Processing ability for complex shapes

CNC machining can achieve the processing of complex shaped parts, including curves, grooves, grooves, threads, etc. By writing appropriate machining programs, CNC machine tools can handle various machining requirements in a highly flexible manner.

Programmability

CNC machining can be programmed and modified as needed to adapt to different parts and machining requirements. This makes the production process more flexible and controllable.

Reduce labor costs

The automation characteristics of CNC machine tools reduce the demand for skilled operators, thereby reducing labor costs.

Disadvantages of CNC machining:

High initial investment

The purchase and maintenance costs of CNC machine tools are relatively high, which may not be easy for small businesses or individuals to bear.

High requirements for professional knowledge

CNC machining requires professional knowledge in writing machining programs and setting machine tool parameters. Operators need to be trained and familiar with relevant software and equipment.

Material and dimensional limitations

Some materials and large workpieces may not be suitable for CNC machining, or additional equipment and processes may be required for processing.

Regular maintenance and upkeep

CNC machine tools require regular maintenance and upkeep to ensure their normal operation and maintain accuracy. This requires additional time and cost investment.

CNC machining application

automobile

CNC machining is widely used in the automotive manufacturing industry. It can be used for processing engine components, chassis components, body parts, and interior components.

Aerospace

The aerospace industry has strict requirements for high-precision and complex shaped parts. CNC machining can be used to manufacture aircraft parts, rocket engine components, spacecraft structural components, etc.

electron

The manufacturing of electronic equipment requires high-precision parts and printed circuit boards (PCBs). CNC machining can be used for drilling and milling electronic equipment casings, connectors, heat sinks, and PCBs.

medical treatment

Medical device manufacturing requires precise components to ensure the safety and effectiveness of equipment. CNC machining can be used to manufacture artificial joints, implanted instruments, surgical tools, etc.

Customized parts

CNC machining has flexibility and can be customized according to customer needs. Whether it is small-scale production or single part processing, CNC machining can meet the needs.